8 New Market Entry Strategies for Global Business
Learn how to succeed internationally by leveraging the eight most effective foreign market entry strategies.
 Lesedauer: 13 Min. |  Dominic Dithurbide |  11. Oktober 2022 |
| Lesedauer: 13 Min. | Dominic Dithurbide | 11. Oktober 2022 |
International expansion can start a challenging new venture for businesses of any size. Entering overseas markets presents new customers, revenue streams, and competitors to help grow your business. Before you start, explore and find the new market entry strategy that suits your needs.
You must make your goals clear in an international market entry strategy. By researching and knowing your current customers, you can grow your marketing plan to reach a new audience. Your new marketing campaign will use competitor and market research and adapt products and messages for local language and culture.
Here are some questions to consider when developing your international market entry strategy:
An international strategy is an option for many businesses because they can leverage existing capabilities and export abroad. A global strategy features cost efficiencies and can work well for businesses requiring a low need for local responsiveness and localization.
An example is Apple, which sells its products with standardized models and prices. There are few differences between Apple products for marketing strategies across the globe.
No matter what your business sells, it is essential to research and plan the growth of your business. If your business grows too quickly or expands into too many markets at once, you could experience financial, legal, staffing, resource, and supplier problems. Business growth should be sustainable to be successful. Some factors to consider when choosing a market to expand to include:
There are several international market entry strategies to consider when planning. Each strategy has a unique structure and approach depending on how the business is established, maintained, invested in, and run.
Exporting is the marketing and direct sale of domestically produced goods to another country through a distributor. This is a great first step in new market expansion because it allows you to enter a foreign market with low overhead costs.
It is considered low risk and highly profitable. This is because you don’t need to create new or localized products for the target market. Also, some companies choose to export because there is less competition overseas.
One challenge some companies face is how to scale without hiring in-country resources and staff for the new international markets.
Piggybacking is a swift and cost-effective international market entry strategy. It involves collaborating with non-competing companies to mutually promote each other's products or services within their home countries. This strategy requires a foundation of trust as partner companies oversee foreign marketing.
Consider piggybacking if your company has contacts in organizations selling abroad. This strategy involves adding your product to their overseas inventory. If an agreement is reached, both parties share profits from sales. Your company can focus on domestic retail while the partner handles international marketing, reducing overseas selling risk.
Countertrade is a creative approach to facilitate sales between an exporter and a company in a currency-limited country. Instead of traditional currency transactions, countertrade involves trading goods and services. It enables trade in countries lacking import payment capability due to factors like currency scarcity or credit constraints. Companies often consider countertrade to expand into foreign markets, boost sales, nurture customer relationships, overcome liquidity issues, and gain a competitive edge.
While countertrade offers advantages such as entry into challenging markets and overcoming credit difficulties, it presents challenges like uncertain deal value, time-consuming negotiations, higher transaction costs, and logistical complexities.
Licensing allows others to use your company's name and intellectual property to sell your product in global markets. A licensee can produce and sell products under your name or offer services using your brand. In exchange, you get royalties or other payments. It can be an effective way of entering a market, especially if you're a service business that needs a local workforce or your products would benefit from local manufacturing.
Licensing can harm the brand if the licensee mistreats customers, produces low-quality goods, or markets the product poorly. This can have negative consequences for the brand. The licensee's treatment of customers, production of low-quality goods, and poor marketing can all contribute to damaging the brand.
You need to conduct thorough due diligence to find potential partners. Brands that come to the table with detailed research on their target audience are much more likely to solidify essential factors for a successful licensing partnership.
One of the most popular international market entry strategies is the franchising process. Franchising is similar to licensing but requires a lot more heavy lifting. Franchising works well for organizations with a trustworthy and established business model, such as McDonald's or Starbucks. Businesses that begin franchising should ensure that they earn a good brand name, build on it, and promote it.
Franchising is a contractual international market entry mode as a licensing agreement when an organization wants to enter a foreign market quickly with low risk and resource commitment. In addition to the standard license process, a company will assist in establishing the business with the design, equipment, organization, and marketing support for a contractual partner in the target market.
In return for the franchisor's services, the franchisee pays a lump sum payment up front and a share of future profits. Through this contractual relationship, the success of the operations is interdependent, but the franchisor gains other advantages from the partnership than the franchisee.
A joint venture is a partnership between two companies that may sometimes be domestic and foreign firms. Both invest money, share ownership and control. The foreign partner provides expertise, connections, and access to the new market.
Joint ventures are riskier but allow faster entry into foreign markets. They can offer tax advantages and may be required in some countries.
Joint ventures are temporary, dissolve after the project, and can involve unequal contributions. An agreement is crucial, specifying contributions, profits, and responsibilities. Examples include real estate, media, and tech sectors.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a company takes controlling ownership in a business entity in another country. With FDI, foreign companies are directly involved with day-to-day operations in the other country. This means they're bringing money into the investment, knowledge, skills, and technology.
FDI involves creating a lasting relationship with and gaining significant influence in the foreign market. Through FDI, companies can lower production costs and gain access to markets they otherwise may not have been able to do on their own. For the destination country, FDI can be a source of resources and technology and can spur economic growth and development. However, FDI does come with risks for investors and can raise concerns about foreign influence in target countries.
Another way large businesses invest is to set up a wholly-owned subsidiary. A local business is owned by a parent company. It operates under the same brand or a different name chosen by the parent company.
Creating a subsidiary from scratch is possible. However, it is often easier to purchase a local business rather than starting a new subsidiary. This model has the same pros and cons as direct foreign investment. You have more control on the ground when the parent company manages the subsidiary.
A Green-field Investment is a type of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) where a company starts operations from scratch in a foreign country. This involves creating new facilities like offices, factories, and distribution centers. Such investments offer control, custom infrastructure, and quality control. They can also receive incentives like tax breaks and bypass trade restrictions. However, they carry higher risks due to substantial investment.
International Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) offer the fastest and largest international expansion strategy and is a way to gain greater market power in less time. Market power often influences market share, so large multinational corporations prefer acquisitions to gain that advantage. M&As require the purchase of a competitor, supplier, distributor, or business to capture a competitive advantage in the market.
Acquisitions carry a lower risk than new investments because acquisition results can be more quickly and accurately estimated. Overall, acquisitions are attractive if there are well-established firms in action. However, reaching an M&A can be difficult when trying to merge two different organizational cultures, control systems, and relationships.
Integration is a complex issue, both legally and financially. In addition, firms engaging in an M&A can increase their debt levels, which needs to be a consideration during an international expansion.
Doing business in foreign markets is attractive for companies of all sizes, and there are many available strategies. However, there are also challenges associated with foreign market entry. Therefore, companies must be careful while formulating market entry strategies since they may overlook specific challenges that might negatively affect their business.
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